Single-Particle Tunneling in Doped Graphene-Insulator-Graphene Junctions

The characteristics of tunnel junctions formed between n- and p-doped graphene are investigated theoretically. The single-particle tunnel current that flows between the two-dimensional electronic states of the graphene (2D-2D tunneling) is evaluated. At a voltage bias such that the Dirac points of the two electrodes are aligned, a large resonant current peak is produced. The magnitude and width of this peak is computed, and its use for devices is discussed. The influence of both rotational alignment of the graphene electrodes and structural perfection of the graphene is discussed.Comment: 23 pages, 9 figures; added Section II(E) and associated figures, and made other minor typographical correction

An assessment of factors affecting organizational commitment among shift workers in India

The aim of this study is to assess the organizational commitment among shift workers in ferroalloy industries of Odisha, India. Odisha is an under-developed state of India having full of natural resources. Many industries, particularly based on ferroalloys, have been set up in Odisha. Organisational commitment has been always a major issue in all types of organizations. To establish possible relationship between organisational commitment and important demographic variable (e.g age, marital status, tenure, job level and gender), a cross-sectional survey was conducted using a convenience sample of 240 shift workers at five ferroalloy companies in Odisha. It is believed that this study can add a new understanding that can be used to improve the organizational practices in developing countries, such as India

Teacher Perceptions of Students in Poverty

This project is an investigation of teachers\u27 perceptions towards students living in poverty and how they impact teacher-student relationships. Data was collected from in-depth interviews with four teachers and a school social worker to gain perspective on this issue. The results of the study offer insight about teacher perceptions and contribute to better instruction and teacher-student relationships

Who is Columbine? Forgetting the public in contemporary memorial sites

Includes bibliographical references.2015 Summer.The Columbine Memorial in Littleton, Colorado honors and remembers the thirteen victims of the Columbine High School shooting. The memorial presents itself as an open, public space in which all are welcomed to visit, mourn, or reflect as they wish upon the events of April 20, 1999; however, the memorial’s rhetorical tactics seem intended exclusively for a particular and privatized public—namely, the survivors, family members, and intimates of those killed in the shooting. Through critique of the Columbine Memorial as a public memory place, this occurrence presents a rhetorically oriented instance of “forgetting the public.” Forgetting the public, as conceived here, results from the privileging of individualized memories within public commemorative sites, ultimately leaving those visitors outside of a narrowly circumscribed public unacknowledged by the memorial site. I contend that forgetting publics prevents public identification with memorial sites, which disrupts the epideictic processes necessary for a memorial to achieve its intended civic purposes. This study critically examines the memorial’s employment of specific rhetorical tactics, as viewed through the relationship between private and public memory. This lens reveals three trends occurring within the memorial that inform our understanding of contemporary memorial sites, including Presence/Absence, Intimacy/Publicity, and Discursivity/Materiality. Specific examples within each trend demonstrate an apparent forgetting of the public, ultimately leading to the conclusion that the Columbine Memorial perpetuates the privileging of private interests over those of the general public

Issues before the thirteenth finance commission.

The Thirteenth Finance Commission faces challenging times. Despite improvement, the fiscal situation continues to be a matter of concern when off budget liabilities and other fiscal risks are considered. In the changing situation of increasing oil prices on the one hand and surge in capital flows on the other, calibrating the transfer system in tune with counter-cyclical fiscal policy stance is a formidable challenge. The paper argues that irrespective of the wording of the Terms of Reference (ToR), the Commission would do well to focus on its primary task of recommending transfers to serve the objective of equity and incentives. While it is required to take into account a number of considerations, the focus should be on the transfer system. As an impartial body, the Commission should make a fair assessment of the union as well as state governments, ignoring the asymmetries in the wording of the ToR. As regards the transfer system itself is concerned, the paper argues that although it may be difficult to make drastic changes in the relative shares of the states, the Commission should give up the gap filling approach. Instead, after recommending the tax devolution, the Commission should recommend grants to fully equalise expenditures on elementary education and basic healthcare. It is also possible to incentivise the transfer system for even those states that have a better record of providing education and healthcare to improve quality of these services. If necessary, the tax devolution percentage can be appropriately adjusted to ensure equalisation of social services. The paper is a revised and edited version of one that was presented in the seminar on Issues before the Thirteenth Finance Commission held at the National Institute of Public Finance and Policy (NIPFP) on May 23-24, 2008.

Earthquake Vulnerability Assessment using Expert-based Approach in GIS

© 2019 IEEE. Several techniques of earthquake vulnerability assessment exist for the evaluation of social, economic and buildings vulnerability that has been carried out to investigate their suitability in the application of earthquake risk assessment. The primary challenge is the prediction of earthquakes that is almost seemingly impossible in the current time. The main concern is mitigation and preparedness, which is dominant for the human, animals, and environment. However, exposed assets and the determination of their fragilities/vulnerabilities are essential and will be challenging in the future for the viability and reliability during the assessment of rapid loss. Therefore, this study proposes an expert's decision-based approach for the assessment of earthquake vulnerability in Banda Aceh city, Indonesia that could help in future risk assessment on a city scale. It was analysed that the proposed method adequately satisfies all the necessary criteria that can be involved in earthquake vulnerability assessment in Banda Aceh city to reduce the earthquake impacts. The results shows that the proposed method is good for city-scale earthquake vulnerability assessment with significant consistency ratio of 0.04. This research observes the current practices involved in regional and urban earthquake vulnerability assessment

A Model to Detect Forest Change Relating to Mining Using Google Earth Engine Application in Belitung Island, Indonesia

© 2019 IEEE. Belitung Island is one of the biodiversity hotspots in Indonesia that is best known for its multi-use landscape, tourism, large agricultural land, tin mining and all other activities. The main earning possibility of local people of the island is most efficiently lies in coastal activities and tin mining. Main challenges are persistent cloud cover over the steep and vegetated terrain that creates a problem in forest change mapping. This research was conducted to identify and visually analyse the forest loss or gain due to tin mining activity and settlement along with the consequences of illegal logging using the Google earth engine application. Furthermore, this study will also help to understand the areas of water bodies filled after mining making it inactive. Therefore, NDVI and MNDWI analysis have been conducted to calculate the index values using the (GEE) Google earth engine and graphically presented. Landsat +ETM, MODIS global land cover, Hansen global forest change and other remote sensing data applied to conduct this research. The results obtained from this study shows that the width of forestry land cover is decreased gradually from 2012 to 2017 and the active tin mining, agricultural land, and settlement are widely increased. The inactive tin-mined areas are filled with water that can be well understood from the elevation modelling. Furthermore, the forest gain is also increasing mildly as per the results of change detection in forest gain analysis from 2012 to 2017. This clearly indicates the change of forest resulting due to the active tin mining and inactive tin-mined water filled land as well as the human settlement